1. Kaveh Akbar, Calling a Wolf a Wolf (London: Penguin Random House), 36.
2. Alexis Wright, The Swan Book (Artarmon: Giramondo Publishing, 2013), 99
3. Omar Sakr, These Wild Houses (Carlton South: Cordite Publishing Inc., 2017), 8.
3. Kaveh Akbar, ibid, 42
6. Ariana Reines, “Interview with Ariana Reines,” interview by Rebecca Tamás, The White Review, July, 2019, accessed August 10, 2020, https://www.thewhitereview.org/feature/interview-ariana-reines/.
7. Charles Olsen, “Projective Verse,” Poetry Foundation, accessed August 13, 2020,
8. Ariana Reines, ibid
11. Brandon LaBelle, Lexicon of the Mouth: Poetics and Politics of Voice and the Oral Imaginary (London & Oxford: Bloomsbury Academic, 2014), 7
12. Autumn Royal, She Woke & Rose (Carlton South: Cordite Publishing Inc., 2016), 6
13. Kaveh Akbar, ibid, 39
14. Fanny Howe, “The Definitions,” Poetry Foundation, accessed August 10, 2020,
15. Tayi Tibble, Poūkahangatus (Wellington: Victoria University Press, 2019), 35.
16. Suvendrini Perera, and Joseph Pugliese, “Introduction: Combat Breathing: State Violence & the Body in Question,” Somatechnics 1, no. 1 (2011): 1–14, https://www.euppublishing.com/doi/abs/10.3366/soma.2011.0002
17. Rae Armantrout, ibid, 59.
18. Kaveh Akbar, ibid, 46.
19. Kaveh Akbar, ibid, 80.
21. Frank O’Hara, ibid.
22. Arthur Rose, “Introduction: Reading Breath in Literature,” in Palgrave Studies in Literature, Science and Medicine: Reading Breath in Literature, eds. Arthur Rose, Stephanie Heine, Naya Tsentourou, Corinne Saunders, and Peter Garratt (Cham: Palgrave Pivot, 2019), 4.
23. Ocean Vuong, Night Sky with Exit Wounds (London: Jonathan Cape & Penguin Random House, 2017), 13–14.
24. The Allen Ginsberg Project, ibid.
25. Maria Fusco, Master Rock (London: Artangel & Book Works, 2015), 7.
26. Fred Moten, Black and Blur (consent not to be a single being) (Durham and London: Duke University Press, 2017), 247.
27. Arthur Rose, ibid, 10.
28. Donatella Di Cesare, “Immunodemocracy: Capitalist Asphyxia,” Penguin Random House, accessed August 23, 2020, https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/670060/immunodemocracy-by-donatella-di-cesare-translated-by-david-broder/.
29. ibid.
30. Antti Salminen, “On Breathroutes: Paul Celan’s Poetics of Breathing,” Partial Answers: Journal of Literature and the History of Ideas 12, no. 1 (2014): 107–126, https://muse.jhu.edu/article/535669.
32. Marilyn Nelson, “Readings in Contemporary Poetry: Clay,” Dia Art Foundation, accessed August 13, 2020, https://awp.diaart.org/poetry/01_02/nelson-poem.html.
35. Fred Moten, ibid.
36. Sonia Sanchez in Jackie Wang, Carceral Capitalism (Cambridge: Semiotext(e), 2018), 319.
37. Franco “Bifo” Berardi, Breathing: Chaos and Poetry (Cambridge: Semiotext(e), 2019), 25.
38. Antti Salminen, ibid.
39. Elena Gomez, Body of Work (Carlton South: Cordite Publishing Inc., 2018), 4.
40. Henry David Thoreau, Walden; or, Life in the Woods (New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1995), 11.
41. Ender Baskan, email message to author, August 11, 2020.
42. Keri Hulme in Arthur Rose, “Introduction: Reading Breath in Literature,” in Palgrave Studies in Literature, Science and Medicine: Reading Breath in Literature, ibid, 2.
44. Arthur Rose, “Combat Breathing in Salman Rushdie’s The Moor’s Last Sigh, in Palgrave Studies in Literature, Science and Medicine: Reading Breath in Literature, ibid, 114.
45. Kath Fries, “Respire i-vi: artist statement,” @pari-ari instagram post, August 25, 2020.